In the ongoing debate about whether women who have had a cesarean section should attempt a subsequent vaginal delivery, a recent study finds that although a trial of labor is associated with an increased risk of certain adverse perinatal outcomes and maternal adverse events, absolute risks are low. The data suggest that the risk of an adverse perinatal outcome at term among women who attempt labor after a previous cesarean delivery is approximately one in 2,000 trials of labor (0.46 per 1,000).