In this protocol, Dr. Hankins reviews the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of external cephalic version. Included are step-by-step guidelines for performing the procedure with illustrations of the maneuvers required for successful cephalic version with 2 operators or 1. As the author notes, careful assessment of fetal presentation in the third trimester is important. Otherwise, patients may be deprived of the option of external cephalic version to decrease the risk of cesarean delivery. Before the procedure, fetal well-being and the presence of any contraindications should be ascertained. Informed consent and counseling with regard to the likelihood of success of the procedure should be performed. Post-version assessment for fetal presentation on subsequent encounters is vital in these patients.
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Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole not found to increase infant birth weight in HIV cases
July 9th 2025A recent randomized trial found no significant improvement in birth weight or key birth outcomes from antenatal trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus-positive pregnant women.
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