Blood levels alone cannot confirm safe testosterone dosing. Asking about androgenic effects and allowing months for response are central to care.

A global consensus defines what the evidence supports for testosterone in women. Benefits for strength, mood, and cognition lack randomized data.

A testosterone patch improved sexual desire in trials but never won US approval. Normal female physiology defines what replacement should target.

The WHI never studied testosterone, yet it chilled conversations about every hormone, with lasting consequences for women’s sexual health.

As estrogen came to define menopause care, testosterone faded from view, and the oral combination clinicians relied on was never FDA approved.

Androgen therapy for women predates the headlines by decades. Early research showed promise for desire, but long-term safety data never caught up.

Patients with 3 or more adverse pregnancy outcomes had lower odds of postpartum contraceptive use in a PRAMS analysis of 222,412 individuals.

Risk factors cast a wide net in preeclampsia prediction, but biomarkers could add precision, according to Dallas Reed, MD.