
Matthew Nudy, MD, on estrogen's cardiovascular effects, risk assessment, and hormone therapy safety in younger menopausal women.
Quite often, the expectation of what is 'normal' leads patients to question their own gastrointestinal physiology.
Defining 'normal' bowel function
Donna is a 46-year-old woman with a long history of severe endometriosis, for which she has had multiple surgeries. She is well-controlled with long-cycle oral contraceptives (OCs), and has just had a normal annual examination. As you prepare to leave the room, she says, "Oh, by the way...I get constipated a lot, particularly when I travel, and lately I've been taking a lot of business trips. What should I do?"
Basic bowel hygiene
What Donna needs is counseling on basic bowel hygiene. Advise her to:






