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While the use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) among patients with rheumatoid and autoimmune disorders have focused on safety, a narrative review in the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research highlighted the efficacy and benefits of these contraceptives in females with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Protocol 5 - In this protocol, Norton reviews the pathophysiology of fetal aneuploidy and the wide range of tests for it. Included are perspectives on cell-free DNA testing, first-trimester combined screening, nuchal translucency (NT) sonography, and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), as well as quad marker screening in the second trimester in appropriate cases, and combined first- and second-trimester screening.