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Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) reduce menstrual pain in some women, a Swedish long-term study has found. Although COCs are commonly recommended to treat primary dysmenorrhea, a 2009 Cochrane Review called their efficacy into question.

Women with sleep problems have a higher risk of developing fibromyalgia than women who don’t have trouble sleeping, according to a large prospective Norwegian study.

Baseline T score is the most useful way to determine how often to test bone mineral density (BMD) in older postmenopausal women with normal BMD or osteopenia at initial assessment, according to a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine (2012;366[3]:225-233).

Women feel pain more intensely than men across a number of diseases, including diabetes, arthritis and certain respiratory infections, according to a study of gender differences in self-reported pain.

As a gynecological oncologist, I often see patients who want to be tested for cancer because a close family member has just been diagnosed. Understandably, they want to be sure they don’t have it.

Women with diabetes can bring a host of medical complications to their pregnancy. Recently, research has shown that cesarean section rates are higher in women with diabetes, and some estimates note that more than half of those C-sections are emergency operations and not elective procedures.

Endometriosis affects as many as 6% of the general population. While some women with endometriosis remain asymptomatic, many women experience dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, non-cyclical pelvic pain, and subfertility. Now, new research indicates that patients with endometriosis are also more likely to develop inflammatory bowel disease.

Since the debate about the safety of hormone replacement therapy began, researchers, patients, and clinicians have searched for a safe alternative to help alleviate the symptoms associated with menopause. Now, a small study in Italy suggests that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) may be a solution.

Protocol 27-Obesity

Synopsis: In this protocol, Dr. Catalano reviews the pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of obesity in pregnancy. Included are guidelines for avoiding obesity-related complications in pregnancy, notes on postpartum follow-up, and a list of seminal reports in this subject area. As the author notes, pregnancy offers a woman the unique opportunity to affect her long-term health and that of her offspring. The ultimate treatment of obesity during pregnancy lies in preventing further weight gain. This can be achieved by avoiding excessive weight gain during pregnancy and implementing lifestyle measures to attain a more normal body mass index (BMI) prior to the next pregnancy. Based on preliminary evidence, achieving these measures also may have both short- and long-term benefits for the offspring.