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Role of Maternal Human Placental Lactogen (HPL), Estriol (E3) and Ultrasonography in Monitoring High Risk Pregnancy and Its Outcome

Incompetent cervix is a condition where recurrent mid-trimester pregnancy loss complicates a pregnancy. Incompetent cervix is diagnosed in I in 2000 pregnancies, and has been determined as the cause of approximately 15% of all recurrent pregnancy loss.

Prenatal screening for Down syndrome is continuously being refined. Initially, the screen was limited to the health care provider's consideration of the mother's age at delivery, once the association between advanced maternal age (i.e. maternal age 35 or older at delivery) and increased risk for Down syndrome was recognized.

Prenatal testing for Down syndrome has gained importance--and urgency--as more women delay pregnancy into their later reproductive years. A first-trimester screening technique that combines use of maternal serum markers with ultrasonographic assessment may offer reliable answers sooner than do other available tests.

Policy makers and health professionals are progressively using evidence-based rationale to guide their decisions. There has long been controversy regarding which maternal position is more appropriate during the first stage of labor.

Assisting mothers to breastfeed is not easy when babies experience difficulties. In a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), nurses often help mothers by using hands-on-breast without their permission.

"Back to the Future" for Hermaani Boerhaave, or, "A rational way to generate ultrasound scan charts for estimating the date of delivery", by David Hutchon, BSc, MB, ChB, FRCOG How to use Bayes theorem to estimate sequential conditional risks. Odds ratio or Risk: that is the question! by David Hutchon, BSc, MB, ChB, FRCOG and A. Khattab, MD , Dept of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Memorial Hospital, Darlington, UKOnline Calculators by Dr. Hutchon Down Syndrome risk calculator with growth calculator UK dates i.e. D/M/Y versionDown Syndrome risk calculator (using Hecht and Hook formula) with growth calculator UK dates i.e. D/M/Y versionDown Syndrome risk calculator with growth calculator US dates i.e. M/D/Y versionDown Syndrome risk calculator using gestation specific likelihood ratios for both CRL and BPD measurements. UK dates i.e. D/M/Y versionDown Syndrome risk calculator using gestation specific likelihood ratios for both CRL and BPD measurements. US dates i.e. M/D/Y versionDown Syndrome risk calculator with growth calculator FRENCH version translation by Docteur Eric Launay, Paris. Down Syndrome risk calculator with growth calculator SLOVENIA version translation by Mag. Stanko Pu?enjak, dr. med.Down Syndrome risk calculator with growth calculator ITALIAN version translation by D Spagnolo-HSRaffaele Milano.Software to generate your own customised EDD calculator (UK date style entry)Software to generate your own customised EDD calculator (US date style entry)Simple fetal weight calculatorChicken pox in pregnancy: - decision assistanceA customised (for fetal sex, parity, maternal age) EDD calculator for the Darlington population - (see how to make your own)Risk of malignancy index calculator for ovarian tumoursCritical Appraisal Page (with off-line calculator package) for single treatment trialCritical Appraisal Page (with off-line calculator package) for Diagnostic testCalculator for confidence intervals of relative risk.Calculator for confidence intervals of odds ratioA whole range of statistical calculatorsGenerates a table for any ultrasound parameter measurement converted to gestation using any polynomial equationGenerates a table for gestation to any ultrasound parameter measurement using any polynomial equationCalculator for risk of Down syndrome using second trimester US markers using work published by Greggory De VoreRisk of Abruptio Placentae as published by Baumann P et al Mathematic modeling to predict abruptio placentae. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:815-22

This patient is a 23 year old Gravida 1 who presents for prenatal care at 8 weeks gestation. She has a completely normal history and physical exam is compatible with an 8 week gestation. The pelvis is of normal configuration and size.

Screening for Down syndrome has evolved significantly over the last number of years. Much research has been presented describing sonographic features that may be useful for the prenatal detection of Down syndrome, ranging from second trimester “soft markers” such as short femur, nuchal fold enlargement, or echogenic intracardiac foci, to first trimester features such as increased nuchal translucency or absent fetal nose bone.

Ovulation induction is based on the administration of gonadotropins in order to enhance fertility. Daily administration of the drug causes a supra-physiological increase in serum FSH leading to the recruitment of a larger cohort of follicles, further causes their growth and development, and finally, triggering ovulation of usually more than one follicle.

Upon hospital discharge it is not unusual for mothers of preterm infants to continue to meet all or most of their infants' nutritional needs through bottle feedings of expressed breast milk (EBM) because of infants' physiological immaturity and maternal concerns with an inadequacy of milk supply.

Once you are diagnosed as having gestational diabetes, you and your health care providers will want to know more about your day-to-day blood sugar levels.

Approximately 3 to 5 percent of all pregnant women in the United States are diagnosed as having gestational diabetes. These women and their families have many questions about this disorder.

Cleft surgery in infants includes special risks due to the kind of the malformation. These risks can be attributed in part to the age and the weight of the patient. Whereas a lot of studies investigated the long-term facial outcome of cleft surgery depending on the age at operation, less is known about the complications arising during a cleft surgery in early infancy.

Perinatal outcomes differ by week of gestational age. However, it appears that how measures to examine these outcomes vary among various studies. The current paper explores how perinatal complications are reported and how they might differ when different denominators, numerators, and comparison groups are utilized.

Using antibodies to specific protein antigens is the method of choice to assign and identify cell lineage through simultaneous analysis of surface molecules and intracellular markers. Embryonic stem cell research can be benefited from using antibodies specific to transcriptional factors/markers that contribute to the "stemness" phenotype or critical for cell lineage.

PCO2 and PO2 are important monitoring parameters in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). Compared to conventional blood gas measurements that cause significant blood loss in preterms, transcutaneous (tc) measurements allow continuous, non-invasive monitoring of blood gas levels.

A range of strategies have been adopted to prevent early onset Group B Streptococcal (EOGBS) sepsis, as a consequence of Group B Streptococcal (GBS) vertically acquired infection.

The oviduct is an exquisitely designed organ that functions in picking-up ovulated oocytes, transporting gametes in opposite directions to the site of fertilization, providing a suitable environment for fertilization and early development, and transporting preimplantation embryos to the uterus.

Maternal obesity and pre-pregnancy diabetes mellitus, features of the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), are individual risk factors for neural tube defects (NTD). Whether they, in combination with additional features of MetSyn, alter this risk is not known.

Women with cystic fibrosis can have fertility treatment to help them have babies without any long-term adverse effects on either themselves or their children, according to new research presented at the 25th annual meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology in Amsterdam today (Tuesday).

Women who have a diminished number of eggs in their ovaries, either because they are older or for some other reason such as ovarian surgery, may be more at risk of a trisomic pregnancy than women with an ovarian reserve within the normal, fertile range.

One-step screening for both genetic and chromosomal abnormalities has come a stage closer as scientists announced that an embryo test they have been developing has successfully screened cells taken from spare embryos that were known to have cystic fibrosis.

Transferring just one embryo at a time to a woman’s womb after embryos have undergone preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and freezing at the blastocyst stage has become a real option after researchers achieved pregnancy rates that were as good as those for blastocysts that had not had a cell removed for PGD before freezing.

A new test examining chromosomes in human eggs a few hours after fertilisation can identify those that are capable of forming a healthy baby, a researcher told the 25th annual conference of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology on 29 June.

A new technique for transplanting the ovaries of women who have lost their fertility as a result of cancer treatment was outlined to the 25th annual conference of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology on Monday 29 June.

Analysis of the longest running ICSI programme in the United States has found reassuring evidence that babies born from frozen embryos fertilised via ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) do just as well as those born from frozen embryos fertilised via standard IVF treatment.

The largest study to date of endometriosis in pregnant women has found that the condition is a major risk factor for premature birth, the 25th annual conference of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology heard today (Wednesday July 1).