Pediatrics

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Even before Bethesda 2001 terminology recommended substantial changes in how labs should report Pap results--including specimen adequacy--many clinicians were confused about which patients to follow-up with repeat Pap tests. This article explains and clarifies the latest Pap test adequacy guidelines.

By helping Hispanic patients interact effectively with the health-care system, ob/gyns can increase the amount of prenatal care these women receive and decrease their high rates of preterm delivery and pregnancy-related maternal mortality.

These guidelines for the treatment of patients who have sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

While a single course of antenatal corticosteroids improves neonatal outcomes among infants born prematurely, the efficacy and safety of repetitive courses of ACS (including rescue dosing) is less clear. In the absence of adequate data to support a policy of repetitive dosing of ACS, such therapy should only be used as part of well-designed clinical trials.

Screening for inborn errors of metabolism prevents mental retardation and death. Identifying women at risk for PKU and providing prenatal education about screening for a variety of disorders are important prerequisites.

Which small-for-gestational age fetuses are at an increased risk for irreversible perinatal complications and death? Having emphasised the importance of early diagnosis of FGR in Part I, the authors now focus on antepartum surveillance and assess the evidence for various management strategies.