Pregnancy and Birth

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Osteoporosis is a disease that is caused by significant bone loss, which leaves the bones weak and at an increased risk for fracture. It is diagnosed clinically when a patient has a history of certain types of fractures, or by the use of special X-ray studies such as a DEXA scan.

In humans, serotonin has typically been investigated as a neurotransmitter. However, serotonin also functions as a hormone across animal phyla, including those lacking an organized central nervous system. This hormonal action allows serotonin to have physiological consequences in systems outside the central nervous system. Fluctuations in estrogen levels over the lifespan and during ovarian cycles cause predictable changes in serotonin systems in female mammals.

By some estimates, as many as 80% of women will have fibroids at some point in their lives. And, although many women are asymptomatic, their presence can cause extreme pain in some women and also may be a factor in infertility issues, with submucosal, intramural and subserosal fibroids (in a decreasing order of importance) impacting infertility. Moreover, some research has linked the presence of uterine fibroids with recurrent miscarriage in women, but the data thus far had been inconclusive.

Reassuring news for clinicians treating pregnant patients with cancer: chemotherapy does not appear to cause developmental problems in offspring. Dr Frederic Amant, assistant professor, staff gynecologic oncologist, and head of the scientific section of gynecologic oncology at Katholieke Universiteit in Leuven, Belgium, presented these findings at the 2011 European Multidisciplinary Cancer Congress.

The International Consensus adopted by the IFFS is an up-to-date focus on modern techniques of Assisted Medical Procreation (AMP), with respect to the reasons for which they have been proposed, the conditions for their realization and their possible risks.

While it is true that IVF maximizes a patient’s chance of conceiving quickly, the sad fact is that IVF has become very complex today. Normally, as a technology matures, it usually becomes simpler and easier to implement, but this has not been true with IVF, especially the way it is done in most IVF clinics in the USA today.

Miscarriages (pregnancy loss ) are extremely common and occur in about 10% of all pregnancies. The loss of a pregnancy in a normally fertile woman hurts, but when a woman who has conceived after taking treatment for her infertility problems loses her pregnancy, the loss is far more difficult to bear.

There are several steps that each woman should take before she even tries to become pregnant. A visit to a gynecologist (or qualified internist) should occur at least three months before a couple is ready to conceive. During this visit, a full physical examination should be done.

I am 28 years old and I've been actively trying to get pregnant for the past 2 years. I recently underwent a laparoscopy by my gynecologist. She told me that I had minimal endometriosis, but that my ovaries and tubes looked normal. She told me that endometriosis is associated with infertility, but I don't really understand the connection.

Human beings are remarkably fertile. Most females are capable of conceiving and bearing children beginning in their mid-teen years. While women in industrialized societies usually bear children in their 20s and 30s, women can give birth well into their 40s and beyond.

Norma Larrea, of Mexico City, was 47 when she got osteoporosis. "I couldn't do my household chores and had pain throughout my body," she recalls. Her doctor did not diagnose osteoporosis. Eventually, after considerable suffering, a specialist in osteoporosis diagnosed her properly and treated her for the disease. Norma was lucky. Although her diagnosis was late, it came before she broke any bones.

Editorial

The coming of the Internet can be compared with the birth of your first child. Everyone tells you that it will change your life beyond belief and you think you have understood what they mean and that you are perfectly prepared... until the day arrives.

The Internet has the potential to revolutionise the way we obtain and disseminate medical information. There is an enormous volume and variety of health-related information on the Internet [1, 2]. Some information available on the Internet about perinatology (aimed at professionals) is discussed here. We restrict ourselves mainly to websites for professionals in the English language.

The diagnostic sonography (ultrasound) profession is populated by technophiles. In general, people who gravitate to ultrasound are not afraid of technology or computers. For this reason alone, it is not surprising that sonographers and sonologists have flocked to use the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW) for education, consultations and communications with colleagues across the globe.

During the last decade, the production of medical information has doubled every 2 years. It is predicted that information will double at an even faster rate, i.e. every 1–3 months [1]. This dramatic rate of changing medical knowledge presents a challenge for physicians to keep themselves up to date.

2000 September 17-21  Tblisi, Georgia Xth World Congress on Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Contact: chark@access.sanet.geSeptember 20-21 London, UK Psychosexual medicine in practice Contact: http://www.med.ic.ac.uk/dp/dpshSeptember 20-23 Leuven, Belgium From Gamete to Newborn Contact: http://www.gamete-to-newborn.orgOctober 04-06 London, UK Medical problems facing obstetricians and  gynaecologists in pregnancy Contact: http://www.med.ic.ac.uk/dp/dpsh/default.htm  or sympreg@ic.ac.ukOctober 04-07 Zagreb, Croatia 10th World Congress Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynaecology (ISUOG) Contact: http://www.hko.hr or http://www.isuog.orgOctober 12 London, UK Maternal mental health and the child Contact: http://www.med.ic.ac.uk/dp/dpsh October 19-21 Paris, France 9th Congress of the European Society for  Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESGE) Contact: http://www.convergences.fr/uk/aesge.htm October 20 London, UKWomen and children with HIV and AIDS Contact: http://www.med.ic.ac.uk/dp/dpsh October 21-26 San Diego, CA, USA 56th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine Contact: http://www.asrm.org October 22-25 Rome, Italy XXVth Annual Meeting of the International  UroGynecological Association (IUGA) Contact: http://www.iuga2000.com  October 28-30 Bruges, Belgium 3rd Congress of the European Society of Gynecology Contact: thomas@ocst.ucl.ac.be November 03-04 Halle/Saale, Germany Gynecologic surgery: from experience to  evidence-based medicine Contact: gerda.bertram@medizin.uni-halle.de November 14-19 Orlando, FL, USA Global Congress of Gynecologic Endoscopy  AAGL 29th Annual Meeting  Contact: http://aagl.com/aaglcal.htmNovember 23-26 Brussels, Belgium 5th World Congress on the Internet in Medicine (MEDNET 2000) Contact: http://www.mdf.be/mednet2000/index2.htm December 06-08 Florence, Italy 8th World Congress of Gynecological Endocrinology Contact: http://www.biomedicaltechnologies.com/cinteng.html 2001 March 28-31 Chicago, IL, USA 10th Annual ISGE Congress Contact: http://www.eventsintl.com/isge2001

Feasibility of laparoscopic myomectomy is now accepted even if the attention is still stressed on technical difficulties due to myoma location and size and difficulty in reapproximating the incision by laparoscopic suturing that requires perfect mastery of endoscopic suturing.

Brief overview of human egg and embryo freezing. Discussion of merits of currently utilized cryopreservation protocols. Practical issues of cryopreservation with reference to egg or embryo selection, and thaw replacement protocols. Alternative cryopreservation technologies.