Pregnancy and Birth

Role of Maternal Human Placental Lactogen (HPL), Estriol (E3) and Ultrasonography in Monitoring High Risk Pregnancy and Its Outcome

Incompetent cervix is a condition where recurrent mid-trimester pregnancy loss complicates a pregnancy. Incompetent cervix is diagnosed in I in 2000 pregnancies, and has been determined as the cause of approximately 15% of all recurrent pregnancy loss.

Prenatal screening for Down syndrome is continuously being refined. Initially, the screen was limited to the health care provider's consideration of the mother's age at delivery, once the association between advanced maternal age (i.e. maternal age 35 or older at delivery) and increased risk for Down syndrome was recognized.

Prenatal testing for Down syndrome has gained importance--and urgency--as more women delay pregnancy into their later reproductive years. A first-trimester screening technique that combines use of maternal serum markers with ultrasonographic assessment may offer reliable answers sooner than do other available tests.

Policy makers and health professionals are progressively using evidence-based rationale to guide their decisions. There has long been controversy regarding which maternal position is more appropriate during the first stage of labor.

"Back to the Future" for Hermaani Boerhaave, or, "A rational way to generate ultrasound scan charts for estimating the date of delivery", by David Hutchon, BSc, MB, ChB, FRCOG How to use Bayes theorem to estimate sequential conditional risks. Odds ratio or Risk: that is the question! by David Hutchon, BSc, MB, ChB, FRCOG and A. Khattab, MD , Dept of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Memorial Hospital, Darlington, UKOnline Calculators by Dr. Hutchon Down Syndrome risk calculator with growth calculator UK dates i.e. D/M/Y versionDown Syndrome risk calculator (using Hecht and Hook formula) with growth calculator UK dates i.e. D/M/Y versionDown Syndrome risk calculator with growth calculator US dates i.e. M/D/Y versionDown Syndrome risk calculator using gestation specific likelihood ratios for both CRL and BPD measurements. UK dates i.e. D/M/Y versionDown Syndrome risk calculator using gestation specific likelihood ratios for both CRL and BPD measurements. US dates i.e. M/D/Y versionDown Syndrome risk calculator with growth calculator FRENCH version translation by Docteur Eric Launay, Paris. Down Syndrome risk calculator with growth calculator SLOVENIA version translation by Mag. Stanko Pu?enjak, dr. med.Down Syndrome risk calculator with growth calculator ITALIAN version translation by D Spagnolo-HSRaffaele Milano.Software to generate your own customised EDD calculator (UK date style entry)Software to generate your own customised EDD calculator (US date style entry)Simple fetal weight calculatorChicken pox in pregnancy: - decision assistanceA customised (for fetal sex, parity, maternal age) EDD calculator for the Darlington population - (see how to make your own)Risk of malignancy index calculator for ovarian tumoursCritical Appraisal Page (with off-line calculator package) for single treatment trialCritical Appraisal Page (with off-line calculator package) for Diagnostic testCalculator for confidence intervals of relative risk.Calculator for confidence intervals of odds ratioA whole range of statistical calculatorsGenerates a table for any ultrasound parameter measurement converted to gestation using any polynomial equationGenerates a table for gestation to any ultrasound parameter measurement using any polynomial equationCalculator for risk of Down syndrome using second trimester US markers using work published by Greggory De VoreRisk of Abruptio Placentae as published by Baumann P et al Mathematic modeling to predict abruptio placentae. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:815-22

This patient is a 23 year old Gravida 1 who presents for prenatal care at 8 weeks gestation. She has a completely normal history and physical exam is compatible with an 8 week gestation. The pelvis is of normal configuration and size.

Screening for Down syndrome has evolved significantly over the last number of years. Much research has been presented describing sonographic features that may be useful for the prenatal detection of Down syndrome, ranging from second trimester “soft markers” such as short femur, nuchal fold enlargement, or echogenic intracardiac foci, to first trimester features such as increased nuchal translucency or absent fetal nose bone.

It has previously been argued that “prenatal informed consent for sonogram be accepted as an indication for the prudent use of obstetric ultrasonography performed by qualified personnel.” We extend this argument to the use of ultrasound screening for aneuploidy in the first trimester.

Ovulation induction is based on the administration of gonadotropins in order to enhance fertility. Daily administration of the drug causes a supra-physiological increase in serum FSH leading to the recruitment of a larger cohort of follicles, further causes their growth and development, and finally, triggering ovulation of usually more than one follicle.

Upon hospital discharge it is not unusual for mothers of preterm infants to continue to meet all or most of their infants' nutritional needs through bottle feedings of expressed breast milk (EBM) because of infants' physiological immaturity and maternal concerns with an inadequacy of milk supply.

Once you are diagnosed as having gestational diabetes, you and your health care providers will want to know more about your day-to-day blood sugar levels.

Approximately 3 to 5 percent of all pregnant women in the United States are diagnosed as having gestational diabetes. These women and their families have many questions about this disorder.

Perinatal outcomes differ by week of gestational age. However, it appears that how measures to examine these outcomes vary among various studies. The current paper explores how perinatal complications are reported and how they might differ when different denominators, numerators, and comparison groups are utilized.

A range of strategies have been adopted to prevent early onset Group B Streptococcal (EOGBS) sepsis, as a consequence of Group B Streptococcal (GBS) vertically acquired infection.

The oviduct is an exquisitely designed organ that functions in picking-up ovulated oocytes, transporting gametes in opposite directions to the site of fertilization, providing a suitable environment for fertilization and early development, and transporting preimplantation embryos to the uterus.

Maternal obesity and pre-pregnancy diabetes mellitus, features of the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), are individual risk factors for neural tube defects (NTD). Whether they, in combination with additional features of MetSyn, alter this risk is not known.

Accurate diagnosis of congenital anomalies in the first trimester and early second trimester through the use of the transvaginal scan has been variously reported in the literature since the early 1990s. The feasibility of screening programmes for congenital abnormalities in the first trimester has also been recently reviewed by Chitty and Pandya.

Chondroectodermal dysplasia, or Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, is an autosomal recessive disorder with an incidence of approximately 1 out of 150,000 live births. A higher prevalence has been reported among certain populations such as the Amish and the Arabs of the Gaza strip.

Seckel Syndrome is a rare (

Pentalogy of Cantrell is a rare congenital anomaly associated with midline defects involving the chest, sternum, heart, diaphragm, and abdominal wall. This may include ectopia cordis, diaphragmatic hernia, and omphalocele.

Limb-body wall complex refers to a rare combination of disruptive and lethal abnormalities which start early in the gestational process. Abnormalities commonly associated with this disorder include cranio-facial abnormalities, scoliosis, ventral body wall defect (thoraco-abdominoschisis), limb deformations, short umbilical cord, and others.

Women with cystic fibrosis can have fertility treatment to help them have babies without any long-term adverse effects on either themselves or their children, according to new research presented at the 25th annual meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology in Amsterdam today (Tuesday).

Women who have a diminished number of eggs in their ovaries, either because they are older or for some other reason such as ovarian surgery, may be more at risk of a trisomic pregnancy than women with an ovarian reserve within the normal, fertile range.

One-step screening for both genetic and chromosomal abnormalities has come a stage closer as scientists announced that an embryo test they have been developing has successfully screened cells taken from spare embryos that were known to have cystic fibrosis.