Gynecology

Fibroids are non-cancerous (benign) growths of the muscle wall of the uterus. They are probably responsible for more unnecessary gynecologic surgery than any other condition. Every year a staggering 600,000 American women have a hysterectomy. And about 30 percent of those hysterectomies, 180,000 in all, are performed because of fibroids.

Hysterectomy is no longer the only treatment for uterine fibroids. Now, GnRH agonists and laparoscopic coagulation with lasers and bipolar needles are treatment options.

This series describe an innovative approach for anterior placenta percreta surgery. The procedure has been developed in Argentina and is intended to limit obstetric bleeding and hysterectomy incidence. Though definite results will be reported later, a uterine preservation rate of about 90% with a mean transfusion need of 1000 ml has been achieved.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of TV-SH in the assessment of tubal patency and to compare these results with those obtained using HSG and laparoscopy.

Urge urinary incontinence (UUI) can be a troublesome symptom following surgery for stress incontinence and may be most likely to occur in women with a history of preoperative UUI. Meanwhile, the number of these procedures has grown, mostly due to the availability of the less invasive midurethral sling procedure

Many options are currently available to treat the symptoms of endometriosis. Of these options, surgery is the only one that actually removes or destroys the endometriosis itself. There seems to be a fair amount of confusion surrounding the issue of which surgical technique (excision, laser vaporization, etc.) is the best method to surgically remove endometriosis.

At a resident's education conference, Dr. Richard M. Soderstrom, M.D. presented the following handout on today's evidence based evaluation of laparoscopic sterilization methods. Dr. Soderstrom is the author covering this subject in the USA'a first textbook on Laparoscopy, Ed. JM Phillips, Williams & Wilkins, 1977. Since then he has published widely on the subject and continues to act as a consultant to the FDA when new devices for sterilization are entertained.

Feasibility and preliminary results of our technique for radical laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Unroofing the ureter in the cardinal ligament is the most important step during radical hysterectomy. At our institution we developed a modified laparoscopic technique to free the ureter from its roof through the cardinal ligament. The technique is based on the advantages of laparoscopic surgery which mainly are: more accurate haemostasis, magnification of the anatomical structures and positioning of the scope parallel to the ureteral course instead of perpendicular like in open surgery.

The forces that drive the development and refinement of surgical technique are multifocal. Physicians value effective procedures that combine safety, simplicity, and reproducibility. Third-party payers seek techniques that are cost effective, require shorter hospital stays, and result in less morbidity. Patients flock to physicians who are able to perform procedures that entail less discomfort, shorter recovery times, better cosmetic results, and also preserve or improve the equality of their lives. Such has been the case with the evolution of laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Laparoscopic Hysterectomy and Health Care in America -Finding the Balance Between Costs and Outcomes

The mean uterine weight was 146 g (60-569 g). The mean operating time was 94 minutes (60-225 min.). Actual morcellation time was available in 19 cases by reviewing videotape with an average morcellation time of 11.8 minutes (4-23 min.). Average blood loss was 125 cc (20-600 cc) with one case of late postoperative bleeding requiring operative intervention. The average cost for the procedure was $7,998 ($6,989 - $11,581). Thirty-six patients were discharged within 23 hours from the time of admission and all patients were discharged within 48 hours of the time of admission.

In spite of readily available alternatives to hysterectomy such as endometrial ablation, hysterectomy rates have not fallen. Several comparative trials of hysterectomy have shown shorter hospital stay and convalescence after laparoscopic approach compared to an abdominal approach.

The diagnosis of uterine and/or tubal pathology as causes of female infertility represents a fundamental step in the evaluation of the infertile couple. Apart from the invasive diagnostic procedures, several others diagnostic techniques useful to the clinical evaluation of the uterine cavity and tubal anatomy are: transvaginal sonography (TVS), hysterosalpingography (HSG), hysteroscopy and hydrosonography (HDS) and laparoscopy.

Laparoscopic staging of apparent early ovarian cancer may be accomplished in patients where disease appears limited to the adnexa. For example a completely resected complex adnexal mass with intraoperative frozen-section revealing malignancy and no obvious limitation to complete laparoscopic staging.

The role of reproductive surgery has been questioned in the current environment of improving techniques and success rates with in vitro fertilization (IVF). Another emerging obstacle is the declining number of these types of surgeries being performed in response to the increasing numbers of patients opting for IVF.

Since the first laparoscopy was performed in humans by Jacobaeus in 1910, great strides have been made by surgeons in utilizing this valuable tool.1 Unfortunately, the expense of performing even diagnostic laparoscopy has become prohibitive. With the high cost of medical care, measures must be taken to decrease this monumental problem. For years, laparoscopy has been performed under local anesthesia with minimal reported complications.

Reported in the literature are more than 100 different kinds of surgical treatments for stress urinary incontinence in women, including anterior colporrhaphy (Kelly plication), retropubic urethropexy (Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz procedure, Burch procedure, ), paravaginal suspension, various kinds of needle urethropexy, and suburethral sling procedure.

Uterine myomas are the most common tumors of the female genital tract. = Hysterectomy has been a very common therapy in patients who have completed reproduction. In fact, uterine myomas = account for 20% of the 650,000 hysterectomies performed annually in the United States. Interest in uterine = preservation and organ preserving surgery through techniques of minimally invasive surgery has increased since the first = reports of laparoscopic myomectomy in 1980.

Laparoscopic urinary bladder surgery primarily involves retropubic bladder neck suspension procedures. Because variations of the laparoscopic Burch procedure (Tanagho, Hodgkinson) are most frequently performed, this chapter will focus on the complications of the laparoscopic Burch procedure - avoidance, recognition, and treatment.

Over the past decade, a technique has been developed that can reduce or stop your periods without a hysterectomy. This surgery can be done in women who have flooding either with or without fibroid tumors. Dr. Dott was one of the surgeons who introduced this minimally invasive procedure in Atlanta. He has performed this procedure many times and is certified by the Accreditation Council for Gynecological Endoscopy in Advanced Hysteroscopic Surgery. He has taught this procedure in training institutions both in the United States and Russia.

Laparoscopic hysterectomy was first described in 1989 (Reich) and rapidly thereafter in 1991 laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy was also described (Querleu). During the 1990s the role of pelvic and latterly para aortic lymphadenectomy has been extended and is now an integral part of best practice Gynaecological Oncology Departments.

After more than 50 years, pneumoperitoneum with carbon dioxide remains the standard for creating a working space for laparoscopic surgery. Although the physiologic problems resulting from CO2 pneumoperitoneum have been well documented, they are becoming more of a concern as older, more debilitated women are undergoing longer, more extensive laparoscopic procedures

Hysterectomy continues to be a common gynecologic operation. Approximately 600,000 patients undergo surgical removal of the uterus annually at a considerable cost to payers, patients, and society at large. Currently most hysterectomies are via the abdominal or vaginal approach but fortunately for patients laparoscopic assisted procedures are becoming more popular. Many studies have shown the laparoscopic approach as safe, effective, and a less intrusive alternative to open surgery.

Dr. J. B. Dubuisson began the great debated entitled Laparoscopic Myomectomy is a Safe Procedure by outlining the conditions under which laparoscopic myomectomy is a safe procedure.

Transvaginal hydro laparoscopy (THL) is a new approach to pelvic anatomic evaluation in the infertile woman. In this procedure a dilating trocar is inserted through the osterior vaginal wall for endoscopic pelvic examination. Normal saline is used to float the bowel out of the pelvis so that one can evaluate the distal Fallopian tubes, ovarian surfaces, pelvic sidewalls, and the cul-de-sac. The THL procedure makes in-office pelvic endoscopy, hysteroscopy, and dye hydrotubation a reality.

In the last 20 years there has been an increased acceptance of hysteroscopic surgery into the gynecological surgical armamentarium. Endometrial ablation and resection offer viable alternatives to hysterectomy for women with intractable uterine bleeding.

Laparoscopy has revolutionized the practice of modern operative gynecology and has progressed from simple diagnostic work to advanced operative procedures.[

More than ten years have passed by since we first performed a laparoscopic myomectomy in our Department using Semm’s technique. As far as a subserous myoma is concerned, there are no particular problems; difficulties arise when dealing with intramural myomas.

From its beginnings back in 1991, in our Department, the laparoscopic approach to pelvic prolapse has changed considerably over the decade. Initially limited to strict reproduction of the techniques carried out by laparotomy, the introduction of a number of complementary procedures has provided an answer to all the situations encountered in the field of female genital prolapse repair.