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A prospective Italian study published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism suggests that low levels of vitamin D [25(OH)D] may contribute to infertility. The finding, which the authors acknowledge does not confirm causality, could point to possible therapeutic benefits of the vitamin in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Despite earlier observational studies, bisphosphonate treatment for 3 to 4 years appears not to decrease the risk of invasive postmenopausal breast cancer, according to a new study in JAMA Internal Medicine.

Mutations in the PALB2 gene may be associated with a significant increase in the risk of breast cancer, according to a recent study in The New England Journal of Medicine. PALB2 binds to BRCA2-a gene that confers increased lifetime risk of developing breast or ovarian cancer-and likely permits its stable nuclear localization and accumulation.

Menopausal hot flashes may be more bothersome in women who drink caffeine, according to results of a 6-year cross-sectional survey published in Menopause.

“Dosing of oxytocin and timing of level of increase in dose has been the subject of many scientific publications,” noted study coauthor and Contemporary OB/GYN editorial board member Haywood Brown, MD.

The ACP’s Clinical Guideline advising against pelvic examinations for the detection of pathological conditions in asymptomatic, nonpregnant, adult women is unfounded, ill timed, and ill considered.

Vulvovaginal disorders in prepubertal girls-including vulvovaginitis, lichen sclerosus, labial adhesions, urethral prolapse, and genital ulcers-are common and can be managed on an outpatient basis by a skilled clinician.