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Human papillomavirus vaccines are a promising technology for primary prevention of cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases, but achieving high rates of vaccination in the age group targeted for vaccination presents a challenge.

It is gratifying to know that worldwide maternal mortality ratios have declined over the past 2 decades, from 320 per 1,000 to 251 per 100,000 live births.

In many malpractice cases involving shoulder dystocia and resultant Erb's palsy, the claim is made that there is or should have been a consent discussion for vaginal delivery, especially where macrosomia is suspected.

This case study demonstrates the challenge of diagnosing and managing heterotopic pregnancy in a patient who had undergone assisted reproduction.

Preterm birth is associated with increased incidences of acute and lifelong disabilities, including cerebral palsy, mental retardation, blindness, deafness, and chronic respiratory and cardiovascular problems.

Postpartum teens who eat breakfast on most days consume fewer calories from snacks and sweetened drinks, and have a lower body mass index (BMI) than those who tend to skip breakfast, according to a study published in the January issue of the Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

The American Society of Clinical Oncology has issued updated guidelines for the use of bone-modifying agents (BMAs) in treating breast cancer patients with bone metastases to include a new drug, denosumab, and provide new advice regarding a potentially serious complication of treatment, osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ); an overview of the guideline update was published online Feb. 22 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.

Patients with type 2 diabetes who are treated with bupropion (BU) for major depressive disorder (MDD) show significant improvement in sexual function, according to a study published in the February issue of Diabetes Care.

Nitroglycerin ointment appears to increase bone mineral density (BMD) and decrease bone resorption in postmenopausal women when administered daily, according to research published in the Feb. 23 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

Although mothers with type 1 diabetes are less likely to partially or exclusively breast-feed at two months, diabetes is not an independent risk factor for the initiation and maintenance of breast-feeding, according to a study published in the February issue of Diabetes Care.

Mammography screening for breast cancer may be less accurate among women with a personal history of breast cancer (PHBC), despite a higher underlying cancer rate, relative to women without PHBC, according to a study published in the Feb. 23 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

Interpreting a high volume of mammograms ma not lead radiologists to find more cancers but my help them to better distinguish between malignant and non-malignant lesions, according to research published online Feb. 22 in Radiology.

The first three-dimensional mammography system has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Clinically diagnosed and undiagnosed cases of Addison disease (AD) are associated with hip fractures in patients aged 30 years and older, with the highest risk in women aged 50 years or younger, according to a study published online Jan 19 in the Journal of Internal Medicince.

Women who are extremelly obese may not need to gain as much weight during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy as current guidelnes recommend, according to research presented at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine's annual meeting, The Pregnancy Meeting, held from Feb. 7 to 12 in San Francisco.

In utero and early infancy exposure to diagnostic X-rays may increase the risk for childhood cancers, according to research published online Feb. 10 in BMJ.

A 46-year-old patient presented for a second opinion on a mass found within the right breast on a prior outside mammogram. The patient denies any lumps or pain within either breast.

Patients who have limited sentinel lymphs node (SLN) metastatic breast cancer have similar survival rates when treated with sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), according to a study published in the Feb. 9 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

Metabolic syndrome appears to have little impact on sexual function in middle- to old-aged women, according to a study published online Jan. 14 in the Journal of Sexual Medicine.

Initiating mammography at a younger age and screening more frequently than the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends will likely result in more lives saved, according to a study published in the February issue of the American Journal of Roentgenology.

A 54-year-old patient presented for evaluation of spontaneous left breast discharge. The patient is status post-right mastectomy with TRAM reconstruction in 1999. The patient states she has noted left breast discharge for quite some time

Modern medicine recognizes the potential impact of stress on physical well-being, but can stress pass through the mother to the fetus? Indeed, it has been hypothesized that maternal chronic stress can alter the uterine environment and may affect length of gestation, fetal growth, birth weight, and spontaneous preterm birth. Similarly, research on cortisol levels in fetuses and mothers has found that anxiety in mothers can affect the function of the placenta. With so much evidence pointing to the interaction between maternal psychological well-being and fetal wellness, there has become an increased need to find effective, nonpharmacological interventions for pregnant women.

Compared to nondiabetic women, women with diabetes and high glucose levels during pregnancy tend to have babies with high birth weights. Moreover, it is thought that these offspring are at greater risk for obesity than those children born to women without diabetes. But is the larger body size due to greater lean mass in addition to greater fat mass?

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is warning that terbutaline administered by injection or through an infusion pump should not be used in pregnant women for prevention or prolonged (beyond 48-72 hours) treatment of preterm labor due to the potential for serious maternal heart problems and death.

Women with breast cancer who are treated with anti-estrogens have a lower lung cancer mortality rate than the general population, according to a study published online Jan. 24 in Cancer.

Women who experience childhood trauma and go on to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) as adults, may be more likely to have weight problems, according to a study published in the December issue of Journal of Tramatic Stress.

Women who experience menopausal symptoms and have increased intensity of hot flushes have a reduced risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, according to a study published online Jan. 6 in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.

Saline or silicone gel-filled breast implants my be associated with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced today. The agency requested that health care professionals report any confirmed cases of the disease in women with implants.

Patients with high-risk endometrial cancer, who are under the care of gynecologic oncologists, have improved survival rates, according to a study published online Jan. 24 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.

Treatment with recombinant human prolactin (r-hPRL) increases milk volume, induces changes in milk composition similar to those that take place in regular lactogenesis, and increases antimicrobially active oligosaccharide concentrations for women who have both prolactin and lactation insufficiency, according to a study published online Jan. 24 in Pediatrics.