Pediatrics

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A look at Brazilian Zika virus cases indicates that looking for just microcephaly may cause doctors to miss cases of congenital Zika virus infection. Plus: Why do women fare worse following cardiac arrest than their male counterparts?

Vulvovaginal disorders in prepubertal girls-including vulvovaginitis, lichen sclerosus, labial adhesions, urethral prolapse, and genital ulcers-are common and can be managed on an outpatient basis by a skilled clinician.

A longitudinal study of more than 10,000 children born in the United States suggests that maternal depressive symptoms are connected to growth patterns in preschool- and school-aged children. The research, by investigators from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, underscores the importance of prevention, early detection, and treatment of depression in the first year postpartum.

Children exposed in the womb to the commonly used pesticide bolstering agent piperonyl butoxide (PBO) are more likely to suffer from a noninfectious cough at ages 5 to 6 years than those with no such prenatal exposure, according to researchers from the Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health (CCCEH) at the Mailman School of Public Health and of Columbia University Medical Center.

Children who had nuchal translucency thickening during the first trimester, but a normal karyotype and no structural abnormalities, are clinically and developmentally normal during the first 2 years of life, according to a study in the January issue of the American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology.

Contrary to findings of studies using older cohorts of twins, a new follow-up study of Danish twins born during the late 1980s finds their academic performance by the teen years to be similar to that of singletons, and that birthweight, unless in the very low range, has minimal effect on school achievement.

Women who smoke cigarettes and who are infected with high levels of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) increase their risk of cervical cancer as much as 27-fold, according to a Swedish study, which is one of the largest to date on the subject.